Hierarchical Modelling of Raman Spectroscopic Data Demonstrates the Potential for Manufacturer and Caliber Differentiation of Smokeless Powders

Gunshot residue (GSR) is an important type of forensic trace evidence produced when a firearm discharged. Currently, inorganic GSR particles are used for establishing the fact shooting. The organic gunshot (OGSR) has been recently shown to have great potential providing additional information vital crime scene investigation. Smokeless powder precursor OGSR and one its chemical components. In this study, Raman spectroscopy chemometric modeling were analyze smokeless extracted from ammunition cartridge cases. proposed hierarchical model demonstrated determining manufacture bullet based on analysis powder. Expanding developed approach will be needed make it useful tool law enforcement agencies.